Riassunto

Objective: This retrospective observational study investigates the association between maternal exposure to air pollutants and pregnancy adverse outcomes in low urbanization areas.

Methods: We used multivariate regression analysis to estimate, in the Como province (2005–2012), the effects of NO_x, NO₂, SO₂, O₃, CO, and PM₁₀ on low birth weight (LBW), babies small for gestational age (SGA), and preterm birth (PTB).

Results: PTB was inversely associated with high (5.5 μg/m³) exposure to SO₂ (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.74, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 0.58–0.95) and to CO (1.8 mg/m³, aOR = 0.84, CI = 0.72–0.99). PTB risk increased with second trimester exposure to NO_x(118.3 μg/m³, aOR = 1.53, CI = 1.25–1.87), while LBW risk increased with third trimester PM₁₀(56.1 μg/m³, aOR = 1.44, CI = 1.03–2.02). SGA was inversely associated with third trimester NO_x (115.8 μg/m³, aOR = 0.89, CI = 0.79–0.99).

Conclusions: Exposure to SO₂ and CO seems to postpone delivery: a longer gestation could compensate for maternal hypoxemic-hypoxic damage.

Keywords

Air pollution, exposed workers, pregnancy outcomes

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